Material Removal Processes: Machining Processes

Turning: In turning a tool with a single point removes material from the surface of a rotating cylindrical workpiece. The tool is fed parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece.

Drilling: In this process a round hole is put into a workpiece by a rotating cylindrical tool called a drill or drill bit which has two cutting edges on its working end. The drill pushes into the stationary piece, forming a hole whose diameter is determined by the drill diameter.

Milling: In milling operations the workpiece is fed past a rotating cylindrical tool that has several cutting edges and an axis of rotation perpendicular to the direction of the feed. There are two types of milling: peripheral milling in which the axis of the tool is parallel to the surface being machined and face milling in which the axis of the cutter is perpendicular to the surface being milled.

Shaping: Shaping is accomplished through the use of a shaper that consists of a ram, which moves relative to a column to provide the cutting motion, and a worktable that holds the part and feeds it into the machine.

Planing: In planing a reciprocating worktable moves the part past the single-point cutting tool that is capable of machining very large parts.

Broaching: In broaching a multiple-tooth cutting tool called a broach is moved linearly relative to the work in the direction of the tool axis.

Sawing: In sawing a narrow slit is cut into the workpiece by a tool consisting of a series of spaced teeth. The types of sawing, categorized by the type of blade motion, are: hacksawing, in which the saw reciprocates linearly against the work and cutting is accomplished only with the forward motion of the blade; bandsawing in which a blade in the form of a flexible loop with teeth on one end moves with a continuous linear motion and circular sawing where a circular, rotating blade is rotated continuously against the work.

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