====== Awards ======
  - Shell Prize, University of Khartoum, Sudan, 1974.
  - University Prize (Best Graduating Student in Science), University of Khartoum, 1977.
  - Governmental Study Abroad Fellowship, 1977 to 1982, Government of Sudan.
  - Fellowships of the International Seminars in Physics and Chemistry, University of Uppsala (Sweden), 1984 and 1985.